![]() ![]() Over two-thirds of species exhibited diel responses to mainly diurnal human presence, with ungulate nocturnal activity increasing by 7.1%. We assessed wildlife diel activity responses to human presence and consequential changes in predator-prey overlap using 11,111 detections of 3 large carnivores and 11 ungulates across 21,430 camera trap-nights in West Africa. ![]() I now have eternal respect for David Attenborough and his colleagues.Wildlife respond to human presence by adjusting their temporal niche, possibly modifying encounter rates among species and trophic dynamics that structure communities. “You might think that sheep would be easy to photograph. “The photography part was new and fun and took more time than I care to remember,” he said. Professor Banks went to Oakland Zoo in California to observe at first hand, and Professor Love took his camera to the Yorkshire Dales to record changing pupil shapes in the field. “The physics of huge telescopes, microscopes, and eyes is all rather similar so it wasn’t such a big jump,” he said. ![]() Professor Love began research in astronomical technology but joined the eye project years ago. But surely, when it drops its head to crop grass, the eyes would appear near vertical to the ground? The scientists set out to observe the eyes swivel to stay parallel with the ground. When a grazing animal lifts its head, its eyes are elongated horizontally. But the theory did not explain why the eye slits could be sometimes vertical, sometimes horizontal. The team started with a classic 1942 text on the physiology of the eye that proposed that slit-shaped pupils allowed for different musculature and a greater range of light entering the eye. So the reasoning is that binocular vision and vertical slit pupils together make it easier for small animals to pounce, by using the difference between close focus on the innocent dinner and the out-of-focus or blur beyond and before it, to judge the distance precisely. Of these, 44 had vertical pupils and 82% had shoulder heights less than 42 cms or 16.5 inches. The researchers included 65 ambush predators with eyes in the fronts of their heads for this study. The big cats are “active foragers”: they hunt down their prey. So do lions and tigers, and they too have round eyes and circular pupils. Round-eyed humans – that is, with circular pupils – can reduce them 15-fold. The mouse-hunting domestic cat can change the area of its pupil gaze 135-fold and the insectivorous gecko 300-fold. Hunters that prowl by day or night need to make the most use of available evening light yet exclude the glare of the sun, which is why the eyes must narrow dramatically. The smaller ambush predators – those little creatures that lie in wait for their lunch – are more likely to have pupils that narrow vertically. The challenge was to see if they could predict a relationship between an animal’s ecological niche and the shape formed by the pupil in its eye. These included Australian snakes, every species from the cat and dog families as well as hyenas and mongooses, and domestic grazing animals as well as tapirs and rhinoceroses. They have to see well enough out of the corner of their eye to run quickly and jump over things.” The two scientists and their colleagues report in the journal Science Advances that they looked at the eyes of 214 closely-studied animals, all terrestrial vertebrates. ![]() “The second critical requirement is that once they do detect a predator, they need to see where they are running. “The first key visual requirement for these animals is to detect approaching predators, which usually come from the ground, so they need to see panoramically on the ground with minimal blind spots,” said Professor Banks. So important is it for a grazing animal to keep an eye on the ground that when it drops its head, the pupil rotates by up to 50 degrees to stay horizontal. Martin Banks, professor of optometry at Berkeley and Gordon Love, director of the Centre for Advanced Instrumentation at Durham, have learned something else. ![]()
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![]() ![]() ![]() – if the negative short term sentiment that is the strongest is halfway expired, sentiments will leave, making room for the new one. – if max sentiment number is reached, current ones will be removed first. – if the current one is positive and the new one is positive the new one gets added – If the new sentiment is negative, it will replace all the existing ones that are not of the same polarity Several minor sentiments can be had at the same time, although there is a maximum of 4. ![]() This is my understanding of what happens when a new short term sentiment tries to be added in on top of an existing one (only my understanding, I may have interpreted something wrong somewhere): – After all this happened – if the sentiment did get added – then it will impact other remaining sentiments generally by reinforcing those of same polarity and weakening those of different polarity. – If a major sentiment gets added and its polarity is opposite to that of existing minor sentiments, those will be removed. – If it’s positive and the current one is negative, if the current one is over 3/4 expired it will leave and be replaced, otherwise the current negative sentiment stays and the new one is not added. If the new one is positive or the same polarity as the one already there, it replaces it. This is my understanding of what happens when a new long term sentiment tries to be added in on top of an existing one (only my understanding, I may have interpreted something wrong somewhere): Only one major sentiment can be had at a time. There are two types of sentiments: Major Sentiments & Minor Sentiments. More on this in the next collapsible section. – They can be diminished or removed if a sentiment of opposite polarity is added. – They can be removed if another sentiment is added and takes their place – They have an ‘ expiration date’ like moodlets If you have played the game a bit since Sentiments were added, you may have noticed already that they are quite shifting. Advertisements - Notes about Sentiments & Implications for Mods using them - What can make a sentiment disappear ![]() ![]() ![]() The odor of the frightened mother (OFM) was then presented to pups along the odor CS, which was still neutral to pups (OFM-CS). A mother was placed within an olfactometer and presented with the fear inducing odor CS. ( A) Schematic diagram of experiment reported in Fig. Odor of frightened mother triggers pup stress response and reinforces aversive learning. At testing, 24 h later MFC-CS pups expressed aversion to this CS but not controls. PND 13 pups were exposed to a substitute mother frightened with a previously trained olfactory CS (MFC-CS) or controls (MFC-CS and CS alone-CS) ( n = 6 per group). ( B) PND 6–7 pups exposed to mother previously fear conditioned and reexposed to the CS in pups presence (MFC-CS) avoid this CS during the Y-maze test 7 d later ( C). Pups were then tested in a Y-maze to assess whether they showed aversion to the CS. Control groups for mother–infant exposure include pups of MFC not presented with the CS (MFC-no CS) and pups with the mother exposed the CS without the US shock (CS alone) and later presented with this odor while with her pups (CS alone-CS n = 6 per group). Next, the odor CS was presented to the mother in the presence of her pups (MFC–CS). ![]() The mothers were odor fear conditioned (MFC). ( A) Schematic diagram illustrating experiments reported in B and C. Social transmission of fear from mothers to pups. PTSD necklace glomeruli olfaction pheromone social referencing. ![]() Results are discussed within the context of caregiver emotional responses and adaptive vs. Our results provide clues to understanding transmission of specific fears across generations and its dependence upon maternal induction of pups' stress response paired with the cue to induce amygdala-dependent learning plasticity. These memories are acquired at younger ages compared with amygdala-dependent odor-shock conditioning and are more enduring following minimal conditioning. Disruption of axonal tracts from the Grueneberg ganglion, a structure implicated in alarm chemosignaling, or blockade of pups' alarm odor-induced corticosterone increase prevented transfer of fear. Maternal presence was not needed for fear transmission, because an elevation of pups' corticosterone induced by the odor of the frightened mother along with a novel peppermint odor was sufficient to produce pups' subsequent aversion to that odor. Examination of pups' neural activity using c-Fos early gene expression and (14)C 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography during mother-to-infant fear transmission revealed lateral and basal amygdala nuclei activity, with a causal role highlighted by pharmacological inactivation of pups' amygdala preventing the fear transmission. Here, using a rodent model, we report a mother-to-infant transfer of fear to a novel peppermint odor, which is dependent on the mother expressing fear to that smell in pups' presence. Within normal range, this is adaptive, although pathological fear, such as occurs in posttraumatic stress disorder or specific phobias, is also socially transmitted to children and is thus of clinical concern. For example, children witnessing their parent expressing fear to specific sounds or images begin to express fear to those cues. Results that were not significant are discussed along with limitations to this investigation, and suggestions for further research are outlined.Emotional trauma is transmitted across generations. Finally, findings show children of Holocaust survivors characteristically feel driven to undo and heal their caregiver's trauma by defending their caregivers from emotional and social injury. Results also support that those children whose parents show high levels of PTSD, and who experience certain psychological and social troubles tend to have an anxious attachment style with their parent. The findings of this research confirmed previous studies that parental Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomatology is more than likely related to offspring adverse psychological and social impacts. The four sections assessed parental PTSD symptomatology, attachment, psychological and social impacts on the children of Holocaust survivors, and community support. What was preventing or, conversely, enabling the passage of symptomatology from one generation to the next, thereby accounting for the contradiction in research, and clinicians’ observations during their work with Holocaust families? Over 200 people received the study through social media and snowball sampling requesting participation in a Qualtrics survey consisting of 3 screening questions, 5 demographic questions, 4 sections of multiple-choice questions, and 2 open-ended questions. This study was undertaken to help resolve current debate in the field as to whether or not the traumatic effects of the Holocaust are transmitted intergenerationally. ![]() ![]() ![]() We found low, but significant heritability ( h 2 = 0.069) and dominance and common environmental variance ( d 2 + 4 c 2 = 0.056). We also measured body size and body condition of spiders upon emergence and just before the trial. Each juvenile spider was then sequentially offered crickets of decreasing size and the maximum prey size killed was determined. We filled this gap by measuring the genetic, maternal and environmental variation of the maximum prey-to-predator size ratio (PPSR max) in juveniles of the wolf spider Lycosa fasciiventris using a paternal half-sib split-brood design, in which each male was paired with two females and the offspring reared in two food environments: poor and rich. Still, these sources of variation remain largely unknown. ![]() Identifying the range and origin of such variation is key to understanding the strength and constraints on selection in both predators and prey. However, this ratio can vary widely among individuals or populations. Discover more of their unexpected survival secrets below.The relative body size at which predators are willing to attack prey, a key trait for predator-prey interactions, is usually considered invariant. These are only some of penguins’ surprising skills. When they then release these air-bubbles as they swim towards the surface, the air coats their bodies like a lubricant, allowing them to achieve the great speed that lets them go airborne once outside the water. For small, flightless birds, that seems like an incredible feat, and Penguins achieve it by trapping air bubbles under their plumage before diving. There’s another, amazing technique Penguins use to escape predators, and that’s jumping out of water up to nine feet straight. ![]() Curiously, Penguins have been observed tobogganing not only to escape predators or move faster, but also just for fun. Penguin bellies are not just useful for camouflage: when on land, they are also the tools that provide them with their fastest escape technique, tobogganing, the word that better describes when penguins slide on their belly to gain speed on ice. ![]() In the case of penguins, it allows them to stay hidden from both predators and preys when in the sea: their white belly blends them with the bright sea surface, while the black feathers make them disappear into the dark bottom of the ocean. Their typical black and white coat is more than just a fabulous look: the colour arrangement provides penguins with counter-shading, a method of camouflage used by many animals where their top colour is much darker than their underside. Countershadingĭisguise is another fundamental skill for the survival of penguins. Huddling together allows them to find shelter from the extreme cold and unforgiving snow storms, but also functions as protection to fight off some of the many, deadly predators that inhabit Antarctica. Strength in numbers is the most known survival strategy for penguins. What strategies do they adopt to survive in one of the most inhospitable environment in the world? Strength in numbers Predators like the petrel are just one of the many dangers encountered daily by penguins. After a tense stand off, the arrival of an adult adelie, a smaller, but extremely feisty species of penguin, finally set the petrel on the run. Rejoined by their fallen companion, the chicks assembled into a defensive circle that allowed them to protect each other from all sides. When the petrel grabbed him by the neck with its strong beak, it looked like there was little or no hope left for the clumsy chick, but a tactical fall allowed it to escape and slide away back to its group. The chicks initially tried to flee, but struggled with running on land, and, in a case of ironically unhappy feet, one of them slipped and fell, becoming an easy prey to the predatory bird. As these chicks made their way to the sea without their parents’ supervision for the first time, a predatory giant petrel swooped in for what it thought would prove a quick kill. ![]() ![]() ![]() The orbs will be used to pay for a chance to roll a die and win a prize like shields or extra lives. Collecting orbs will be useful for the bonus stage if the player finds a yin-yang icon in the stage. Survival is easy, with each player collecting life petals to replenish health, finding large gemstones to activate shields and collecting blue crystals to earn extra lives. Milla can hover using her large floppy ears and she can also shoot charged projectiles. Carol uses a motorcycle for speed when she collects gas cans and she also uses her claws for fighting. ![]() Instead, she uses a charged dash and she also has a few melee moves. But unlike Sonic, she cannot perform a spindash nor can she defeat enemies by jumping on them. Lilac plays kind of like Sonic, where speed is the name of the game. You can also play time attack mode and see how fast you can clear each stage. Playing as either Lilac or Carol (Milla is unlocked as you play through the story), you zip through nine levels of beautiful scenery accompanied with devious traps, a mess of enemies to fight and a peppy musical score.Įach character plays differently and they all have their own take on the main story, so Freedom Planet has an incentive for multiple playthroughs. There are three playable characters in the game: Lilac, a purple dragon who loves to go fast, Carol, a wildcat with a love for motorbikes and other vehicles, and Milla, an orphaned puppy whose ears can flap and give her jumps a short boost in the air.Īccompanying the three heroines is a strange creature named Torque who is involved with the whole mess that is happening in Avalice. Freedom Planet contains fast action, frantic bosses, melee combat and even a shoot 'em up stage. ![]() While Freedom Planet looks a lot like Sonic, it plays more like the old Treasure games like Dynamite Headdy and Gunstar Heroes. As the kingdoms in Avalice fall into disarray, it's up to a quartet of anthropomorphic heroes to prevent a war between the kingdoms and recover the Kingdom Stone. Freedom Planet takes place in a fantasy world called Avalice where everyone lived in peace until the Kingdom Stone is absconded by an intergalactic warlord named Brevon who plans to use its energy to conquer the universe. What started out as a Sonic the Hedgehog fan game, GalaxyTrail Games wisely decided to revamp their plans to create an original adventure. ![]() ![]() If you like the content of this post or if it has been useful to you, please consider sharing it on your social media and follow me on Facebook and Twitter for more exclusive content. How to get back to desktop on Windows PC.How to find the MAC address of a device. ![]() How to download the entire file in a website folder.Once every finish you will be able access your WhatsApp on your computer. If the QR code expired before the scanning, click the refresh button to regenerate the QR code. Open WhatsApp on your mobile device, then tap the menu button (the three vertical dots) located at the top right.Ĭlick the Linked Devices, then point your mobile device’s camera at the QR code on your computer. WhatsApp will ask you to pair your mobile device with WhatsApp on your computer. When the installation is done, open WhatsApp on your Windows PC. If the “SmartScreen can’t be reached right now” screen appears, click Run.įollow the installation instructions until the process is complete. ![]() If the User Account Control (UAC) is not disabled, you will see the message Do you want to allow this app to make changes to your device? Click Yes. Why choose WhatsApp Meet customers where they already are. For small businesses who personally manage conversations with customers. Once the download is complete, double click on the WhatsApp installer file to start the installation. WhatsApp Business products support businesses from large to small, see which product best fits your needs. Save the WhatsAppSetup.exe file to your computer, then wait for the file to finish downloading. ![]() To download the version of Windows to your computer, on the right side, click the green DOWNLOAD FOR WINDOWS button. On the WhatsApp download page, there are two sections, one for mobile and one for desktop. Open your computer and visit the WhatsApp download page. This post provides the information you need to download and install WhatsApp on your Windows PC. Most importantly, installing WhatsApp software on a PC is a very simple process. Using WhatsApp on your Windows computer or laptop gives you plenty of possibilities to communicate, share files, watch your videos and images on a bigger screen, configure your profile, and more. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for June 2014.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for July 2014.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for August 2014.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for September 2014.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for October 2014.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for November 2014.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for December 2014.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for January 2015.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for February 2015.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for March 2015.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for April 2015.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for May 2015.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for June 2015.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for July 2015.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for August 2015.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for September 2015.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for November 2015.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for December 2015.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for January 2016.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for February 2016.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for March 2016.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for April, May, June & July 2016.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for October, November & December 2016.All Printable Crosswords & Solutions for January 2017.All Printable Crosswords for February 2017.All Printable Crosswords for April 2017.All Printable Crosswords for August 2017.All Printable Crosswords for September 2017.All Printable Crosswords for December 2017.All Printable Crosswords for January 2018.All Printable Crosswords for February 2018.All Printable Crosswords for March 2018.All Printable Crosswords for April/May/June 2018.All Printable Crosswords for July / August / September 2018. ![]() All Printable Crosswords for October 2018.All Printable Crosswords for for November / December / January 2018-19.Printable Crossword Solutions for April 2019.All Printable Crosswords September 2019.All Printable TV-Guide Crosswords April 2020.All Printable Crosswords October/November 2020.All Printable Crosswords September 2021.All Printable Crosswords September 2022.All Printable Crosswords September 2023.Printable crosswords for the following months: ![]() ![]() Three years later, she broke out into acting with a string of roles in popular Giulia Legeis, when she was just 19 years old. In fact, Giulia started her modeling career in 1991 under the alias Model, actress, TV host, and DJ, she’s one of the hardest working women in Siegel is a blonde bombshell, who at 5’8’’, towers over the competition. If you want to see more of Toni Garrn, you canįollow her on Instagram, where she has over 1.6 million followers. In 2016, Garrn created her own foundation to raise money and advocateįor girls’ rights. She is much more than just a pretty face. In commercials for brands like Prada, Versace, Cartier, and plenty of others. Toni has also done a ton of ads, and you can see her starring All of the proceeds from those sales went to a charity that helps young In 2014, Toni partnered with the denim label Closed and created her own pair of In fact, Toni has been featured in magazines like Modeling break in 2008 when she signed an exclusive contract with Calvin Klein.Įver since then, Garrn has been gracing magazine covers and walking in fashion “mhmmmmmmmmm,” Karanikolaou wrote in her comment while Bieber just said “mom.Toni Garrn is a model, actress, and humanitarian from Germany. The post has over 20 million views as of this writing.Īmong the celebrities who commented on Jenner’s post were Karanikolaou and Hailey Bieber. “It’s getting hot out here,” Jenner wrote and tagged the Instagram page of her company. The video shows her seductively spraying the oil on her body while looking into the camera. The makeup mogul used the video to promote the new sunscreen oil from her company. Jenner also shared a video of her relaxing by the pool in a bikini on her Instagram page. The billionaire managed to improvise with her own style while her friend had a broad smile on her face. Karanikolaou jokingly pointed out that the reality TV star joined her even though she didn’t know the dance moves for that particular song. In another video that Karanikolaou shared online it shows her and Jenner in sports outfits and dancing together. “Can’t convince me that it didn’t happen,” Karanikolaou captioned the post and tagged Jenner in the post. The billionaire likes to hang out with her friends and party, but it is rare to see her twerking in front of the camera. ![]() The video Karanikolaou shared online shows her in a white and pink bikini while the billionaire wore a sexy black bikini while they both danced to the song “Savage” by Megan Thee Stallion.Īfter Karanikolaou started to twerk in the video, Jenner also joined her. Jenner and Karanikolaou danced together to pass the time when the billionaire visited her friend. A video released by Karanikolaou online answers that question. While pictures of her visit surfaced online, what the fans didn’t know was how the two women spent time together. Practicing social distancing at home for so many days made Jenner to take a break and visit her friend Karanikolaou recently. A video of the two women dancing in bikinis has surfaced online. The billionaire danced with her best friend Anastasia "Stassie" Karanikolaou using some twerking moves. ![]() Kylie Jenner is known for posting sexy pictures and videos of herself on her social media pages, and she took things a step further recently. ![]() Jenner wore a sexy black bikini while dancing.Anastasia Karanikolaou shared the video online.Kylie Jenenr was seen twerking in a new video. ![]() ![]() Sony PS Plus 12 Month Subscription Card Live (3000133) 4.5 out of 5 stars. To see full PlayStation Plus terms and conditions, visit play.st/PSPlusTerms. 12 Month PlayStation Plus Membership Zone 3 - PS3/ PS4/ PS Vita Digital Code ESRB Rating: Everyone by PlayStation. The games included in the subscription, the online features of each game, as well as the other features and benefits of the PlayStation Plus subscription, are subject to change. PlayStation Plus Essential is an ongoing subscription with a recurring fee of 64.99 charged automatically every 12 months. Visit /sonyaccount and log in to your account for PSN. If your wallet has insufficient funds, your account’s default payment method will be charged the remainder. Your 12-month membership will renew automatically and $59.99 + applicable tax will be deducted from your wallet every 12 months until you cancel. PlayStation Plus Premium is an ongoing subscription with a recurring fee of 189.99 charged automatically every 12 months. Allow up to 20 days for delivery of $15 PS Store credit to your account for PSN. Limit one per account for PlayStation™Network (PSN). This page is under translation.Offer Valid Ma 10:00 AM PT to Ma 10:00 AM PT. If you pay a periodic (e.g., monthly) subscription or membership fee for a Service, ZeniMax will provide you with at least thirty five (35) days advance notice of any such changes. ZeniMax reserves the right to change the fees or billing methods at any time upon notice to you through your account. For more information on ESO Plus™, click here. Any cancellation will be effective at the end of your then-current membership term. If on PC/Mac, you may update or cancel your membership at any time by going to the "Manage Membership" page on your Elder Scrolls Online account. If youre not currently a member at all, you can purchase a three- or 12-month subscription for PS Plus Extra or Premium with a saving of up to 40 per cent. Previously, the PS Plus cards offered one, three, or 12 month extensions on ones membership, but that was when PlayStation Plus only had a single tier. To add an ESO Plus membership to a console account, please log in to the PlayStation®Store or Xbox Games Store from the appropriate console and visit the ESO page. ![]() 3 Total Crown allotment will be delivered at the time of purchase. ![]() So, don't miss out and invest in a membership today Redeeming your Playstation Plus voucher code: If you're not currently subscribed to PlayStation Plus, you can use your voucher to access PlayStation Plus Essential for the duration indicated. ²In the event your ESO Plus membership expires, you'll still be able to access any resources stored in your Craft Bag you just won't be able to add new materials to it. Plus, with a 12-month membership, you'll save money in the long run compared to a monthly subscription. Any progress made using the progression bonuses during the time of membership will remain. Si vous ne disposez pas de suffisamment de fonds sur votre porte-monnaie PSN, les frais dabonnement seront automatiquement prélevés sur votre méthode de. Développez cette section pour plus de détails. ✚ccess to DLC game packs available in the Crown Store (2023 Necrom Chapter not included) and character progression bonuses available for the duration of membership. PlayStation Plus Extra is an ongoing subscription with a recurring fee of 107.99 charged automatically every 12 months. PlayStation Plus Premium est un abonnement payant avec des frais récurrents de 151,99 facturés automatiquement tous les 12 mois. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() It is the process of evaluating businesses, projects, budgets, and other finance-related entities to determine their performance and suitability. For this, we referred it as financial analysis. Statistical Regression Analysis in ExcelĪnother most common aspect where regression analysis is used is in the financial field such as in the bank, accounting department, business setup, project plans, and other related areas. And not just that, we also have Competitive Analysis Template and Market Analysis Template samples. Though some may use different computation, but this way is the most common and widely used. The total amount will then serve as the total variable cost for the whole period.Then get the total of the variable cost per product/service, add it to the fixed cost per period.Get the value of the fixed cost-this time, it will be for the entire period.You need to know and get the fixed cost per period.How to Make a Computation for a Cost Regression Analysis Business owners will then find it more easy to check how much they earned for a certain day, week, month, and so on. ![]() This is mostly used in a store business or any related business that deals with product selling. In this, there are two certain variables being compared, and then right after, a total value will then be computed. One example is when finding out the total value of two compared variables in a form of cost regression analysis. Creating a regression analysis does not focus on one term, there are numerous aspects in which this type of technique is being utilized. ![]() |
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